What are some narcissistic traits?

According to Suzanne Degges-White article on Psychology Today "The 13 Traits of a Narcissist", not all people that present narcissistic traits suffer from Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Some narcissistic traits are the following:

1. "Grandiose sense of self-importance" - the belief that their contribution is essential to every success.
2.  The belief that "they are capable of exceptionally high level of achievement"
3.  The sense of uniqueness that gives them the right to "associate only with high-status people and institutions".
4. "Need for excessive admiration"
5. "Sense of entitlement"
6.  They see others as tools and have "no guilt for expecting others to sacrifice for them" 
7.  "Lack of empathy"
8.  "Constant comparison of themselves to others"  
9.  "Arrogance" as well as the "right to take away what is rightfully someone's else's".

In his article "13 Common Behaviours and Values of Narcissistic People" in Psychology Today, Dan Neuharth compares Narcissistic traits to non-narcissistic traits as follows:

Behaviour:

         Narcissistic Traits                                                               Non-Narcissistic Traits

        Ignore self-analysis                                                                Value self-analysis

        Lack of Empathy                                                                    Empathy

  They can't handle other people's insults                       They don't take personally other people's actions

  Act without thinking their actions through                                   They are spontaneous  

        Not caring about others' good moods                                      Celebrate others' good moods

        Deny or hide mistakes                                                             Willing to learn from mistakes

       They act upon fear                                                                    Act upon hope

       Take no responsibility                                                               Take responsibility

       Withdraw when upset                                                                Communicate when upset

       Get enraged when criticized                                                      Accept constructive criticism                      Win-lose mindset                                                                       Win-win mindset - solutions

       Hold grudges                                                                             Seek resolution

       Build relationships based on their own interests                       Have reciprocal relationships                                                         

    

Values:

        Narcissism                                                                            Non-Narcissists 

        Perfection                                                                              Growth

        Attention seeking                                                                  Connect with others

        Superiority                                                                            Equality

        Winning                                                                                Fairness                                                          Status seeking                                                                       Compassion

        Maintain an image                                                                Authenticity

Hall mentions that "narcissists lack the internal strength to sustain consistent feelings of self-esteem and require excessive support for their exaggerated sense of importance. This makes them highly dependent on other people and on status-enhancing externalities to process their emotions and feel good about themselves" (Anatomy of a Narcissist)

2023